STUDY QUESTIONS Reproductive System
Answers are provided below
each question
1. The human ovum and spermatozoon are similar in
that:
A. about the same number of each is produced
each month B. they have the same degree of motility C. they are about the same size D. they have the same number of chromosomes E. none of the above.
2. Spermiogenesis involves:
A. the formation of spermatozoa from
spermatogonia B. the movement of spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract C. the formation of primordial or primitive reproductive cells in the yolk
sac membrane D. the transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa E. the movement of spermatozoa from the epididymis into the ejaculatory
duct.
3. During early and middle fetal life, the testes
are located in the:
A. inguinal canal
B. abdominal cavity
C.
pelvic cavity
D. scrotal
4. Inflammation of the seminiferous tubules could
interfere with the ability to:
A. make semen alkaline B. secrete testosterone C. produce spermatozoa D. eliminate urine from the bladder E. all of the preceding.
5. The mitochondria in mature sperm cells are
located in the:
A. head of the sperm B. body (middle piece) of the sperm C. acrosome of the sperm D. tail (flagellum) of the sperm E. mature sperm do not have mitochondria.
6. The movement of spermatozoa, from the epididymal duct, and seminal fluid into the ejaculatory duct and the urethra is
called and is under control.
A. ejaculation / parasympathetic B. emigration / parasympathetic C. erection / parasympathetic D. emission / sympathetic
7. Prostaglandins within the seminal fluid are
thought to:
A. cause ovulation B. decrease sperm motility C. stimulate muscular contractions within the uterus D. stimulate the vestibular (Bartholin's) glands to produce mucus
8. Which of the following is not paired in the
male?
A. epididymis B. ejaculatory duct C. urethra D. ductus deferens (vas deferens) E. all the preceding structures are paired in the male.
9. At birth, the ovaries of a newborn girl
contain about _____ gamete-producing cells called _____
A. 10 million / oogonia B. 2 million / primary oocytes C. 400,000 / primary oocytes D. 40,000 / Sertoli cells E. 50 million / primary follicles.
MATCHING: Match the following cell types with
the corresponding chromosome complement. That is, is the cell haploid or
diploid? (NOTE; If the cell is haploid use an "A", if diploid use a "B".)
10. Spermatozoon. 11. Secondary spermatocyte
12. Spermatogonium 13. Spermatid 14. Primary spermatocyte 15. Secondary oocyte
16. Second polar body 17. First polar body 18. Primary oocyte
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the best answer.
19. The onset of menstruation at puberty is
referred to as:
A. menopause B. menorhagia C. menarche
D.
amenorrhea E. dysmenorrhea.
20. During the ovarian cycle, ovulation occurs
A. during the period of menstrual flow B. during sexual intercourse C. when estrogen levels are very low D. when the corpus luteum degenerates E. during the surge in LH and FSH concentration.
21. In the menstrual cycle, the menstrual phase or
menses, usually occurs between day ____ and day ____ of the cycle.
A.(25 and 28) B.(1 and 5) C. (13 and l5)
D.
(20 and 25)
22. The secretory phase of the endometrium
corresponds to which of the following ovarian phases?
A. follicular phase B. ovulation C. luteal
phase D. menstrual phase.
23. Which of the following is shed as menses?
A. the perimetrial layer B. the fibrous layer C. the functional layer D. the basal layer E. the myometrial layer.
24. The dominant hormone controlling the
proliferative phase of the uterine endometrium is:
A. estrogen B. FSH C. LH D. progesterone
E.
hCG
25. A woman with a typical 28-day menstrual cycle
is most likely to become pregnant as a result of sexual intercourse on days:
A. 1 - 3 B. 5-8 C. 12-15 D. 22-24
E. 24-28.
26. A polar body is formed:
A. before fertilization B. after fertilization
C. answers A and B.
27. The cervix is a portion of the:
A. vulva B. vagina C. uterus D. uterine
(fallopian) tubes.
28. The female structures that correspond (are
homologous) to the scrotum of the male are the:
A. labia minora B. labia majora C. clitoris
D.
urethral folds E. answers A and C.
MATCHING. (Note: Items A through C may be
used more than once.)
CASE STUDY
A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains
an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH
is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would: (NOTE:
For a yes answer use an "A", for a no answer, use a "B")
33. Develop secondary sex characters 34. Be sterile
35. Have improper functioning of the testicular interstitial cells.
COMPLETION
The main hormone released by the corpus luteum is ______________.
The hormone that acts on Leydig cells is __________________.
_________________ is the main hormone produced by granulosa cells.
True or False: The cremaster muscles actively regulate the number
of sperm made on a daily basis.
Human egg and sperm are similar in that:
About the same number are produced per month
They have the same degree of motility
They have the same number of chromosomes
They are about the same size
The testosterone-producing cells of the testes are called:
Sertoli cells
Granulosa cells
Spermatogonia
Leydig cells
The testicular cells most involved with the construction of the
blood-testes barrier are the:
Sertoli cells
Granulosa cells
Spermatogonia
Leydig cells
The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the ____________________.
The anterior pituitary hormone that triggers ovulation is:
The external sac enclosing the testes is the ___________________.
___________ is the release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary.
The corpora cavernosa are(n):
The female homologue of the scrotum is the ________________.
Ejaculation is a _______________ response whereas erection is a
______________ response.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
An oocyte surrounded by one layer of squamous follicle-like cells is
most likely a:
Primordial follicle
Primary follicle
Secondary follicle
Graafian follicle
An antrum is characteristic of _____________ follicles.
Secondary
Graafian
Primary
Primary, secondary, and Graafian
Secondary and Graafian
The rounded region of the uterus superior to the entrance of the uterine
tubes is the:
Ampulla
Fundus
Corpus
Isthmus
Superior flexure
Primary oocytes are:
Haploid
Diploid
Polyploid
Aneuploid
Consider the following 3 tubes. Which is the correct order sperm travels
through them.
Epididymis
Oviduct
Ejaculatory Duct
1,3,2
3,1,2
2,1,3
2,3,1
COMPLETION
During menstruation, the stratum _____________ is sloughed off.
True or False: Days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle is the
proliferative phase.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone which negatively feeds back and
inhibits the release of:
ABP and ICSH
LH and ICSH
LH and FSH
FSH and TSH
Which of the following is correct relative to the female anatomy?
The vaginal orifice is the most dorsal of the 3 openings in the
perineum
The urethra is between the vaginal orifice and the anus
The anus is between vaginal orifice and the urethra
The urethra is the more ventral of the 2 openings in the vulva
Sertoli cells produce:
Mucus
Androgen-binding protein
Testosterone
FSH
FSH
Spermatogenesis BEGINS in the:
Epididymis
Uterine horn
Rete testes
Seminiferous tubules
Seminal vesicles
The site of oogenesis is the:
Ovary
Ovum
Oocyte
Oviduct
Ovarian lacunae
In the 1st phase of the menstrual cycle:
Oogonia differentiate into primary oocytes
About 20 secondary oocytes begin to enlarge
The Graafian follicle ruptures
The dominant follicle is opsonized
During ovulation, all of the following occur EXCEPT:
Rupture of the Graafian follicle
Estrogen production reaches its nadir
FSH and LH production become very high
Corpus luteum is formed
Sertoli cells produce: a. mucus b. androgen-binding protein (ABP) c. testosterone d. FSH and LH
The site of oogenesis is the: a. ovary b. ovum c. fallopian tube d. uterus
In the first phase of the menstrual cycle: a. oogonia differentiate into primary oocytes b. about 20 secondary oocytes begin to enlarge c. the Graafian follicle ruptures d. the dominant follicle gobbles up all other oocytes
During ovulation all of the following occur EXCEPT: a. rupture of the Graafian follicle b. estrogen production is very low c. FSH and LH production is high d. formation of the corpus luteum
68) The primary sex organ
in the male is the _____.
A)
penis
B)
testis
C)
scrotum
D)
epididymis
69)
Where do the testes
originate in a fetus?
A)
scrotal sac
B)
pelvic cavity
C)
abdominal cavity
D)
retroperitoneal space
70)
When do the testes
begin to descend?
A)
at birth
B)
two months after birth
C)
two months prior to birth
D)
in the fifth month of
pregnancy
71)
Spermatogenesis is a
function of the _____.
A)
tunica albuginea
B)
rete testis
C)
seminiferous tubule
D)
seminal vesicle
72)
What is the source of
the male sex hormones?
A)
epididymis
B)
vas deferens
C)
seminiferous tubules
D)
interstitial cells
73)
Where do sperm cells
attain fertilization competence and motility?
A)
rete testis
B)
epididymis
C)
vas deferens
D)
seminiferous tubule
74)
Which structure
contains lysosomal-like enzymes?
A)
Sertoli cells
B)
sperm head
C)
acrosome
D)
sperm tail
75)
Where does the
epididymis direct sperm cells into?
A)
vas efferens
B)
vas deferens
C)
rete testis
D)
prostate gland
76)
The end of the vas
deferens is a dilated sac called the _____.
A)
ductus deferens
B)
seminal vesicle
C)
ampulla
D)
ejaculatory duct
77)
The ejaculatory duct is
the union of the vas deferens and _____.
A)
seminal vesicle
B)
prostate
C)
ampulla
D)
urethra
78)
The substrate used for
sperm metabolism is produced by the _____.
A)
prostate
B)
seminal vesicle
C)
Cowper's gland
D)
testes
79)
The main function of
the prostate seems to be _____.
A)
spermatogenesis
B)
production of glycogen
C)
secretion of alkaline mucus
D)
maturation of sperm cells
80)
Infertility could
develop when the sperm cells display _____.
A)
a count of 120 million per
ml semen
B)
increased acrosomal
activity
C)
normal morphology
D)
a count of less than 20
million per ml semen
81)
The process of
capacitation usually occurs in the _____.
A)
vagina
B)
testis
C)
prostate
D)
epididymis
82)
Which term includes the
other terms?
A)
spermatozoa
B)
alkaline mucus
C)
semen
D)
fructose
83)
The urethra passes
through the _____ of the penis.
A)
tunica albuginea
B)
prepuce
C)
corpora spongiosum
D)
corpora cavernosa
84)
Which of the following
is not compatible with penile erection?
A)
parasympathetic stimulation
B)
arterial dilation
C)
venous compression
D)
blood leaves erectile
tissue
85)
Which hormone initiates
the changes in puberty?
A)
FSH
B)
ICSH
C)
testosterone
D)
GnRH
86)
The target of FSH is
the _____.
A)
prostate
B)
seminiferous tubule
C)
pituitary
D)
penis
87)
The target of ICSH is
the _____.
A)
prostate
B)
seminiferous tubule
C)
interstitial cells
D)
seminal vesicle
88)
Testosterone is
converted to _____ in the prostate.
A)
cholesterol
B)
estrogen
C)
progesterone
D)
dihydrotestosterone
89)
Which of these is not a
function of testosterone?
A)
loss of body hair
B)
thickening of the larynx
C)
anabolism of skeletal
muscle
D)
thickening of bones
90)
What normally inhibits
testosterone production?
A)
increasing FSH
B)
increasing ICSH
C)
decreasing ICSH
D)
decreasing FSH
91)
How many oocytes are
there in the ovaries of an adult?
A)
fewer than 400
B)
10 million
C)
50 million
D)
400,000
92)
Which cell has been
fertilized by a sperm cell?
A)
primary oocyte
B)
secondary oocyte
C)
ovum
D)
oogonia
93)
A cell called the
______ is a fertilized cell with 46 chromosomes.
A)
spermatozoon
B)
polar body
C)
ovum
D)
zygote
94)
The result of oogenesis
is _____.
A)
one secondary oocyte
B)
two secondary oocytes
C)
one ovum
D)
four ootids
95)
The initiation of
puberty and menses in a female involves increased levels of _____.
A)
FSH
B)
LH
C)
estrogen
D)
progesterone
96)
The outside layer of
the oocyte is the _____.
A)
theca interna
B)
theca externa
C)
zona pellucida
D)
antrum
97)
The mature follicle is
also called a _____.
A)
Graafian follicle
B)
granulosa cell
C)
primary follicle
D)
secondary follicle
98)
When do the corona
radiata cells appear?
A)
at birth
B)
12 days
C)
28 days
D)
1 day
99)
During ovulation, the
oocyte passes into the _____.
A)
uterine tube
B)
uterus
C)
pelvic cavity
D)
ovary
100)
What is the first
structure to receive the oocyte?
A)
fimbriae
B)
uterine tube
C)
infundibulum
D)
uterus
101)
The largest component
of the uterus by weight is the _____.
A)
broad ligament
B)
myometrium
C)
round ligament
D)
endometrium
102)
The superior portion of
the uterus is the _____.
A)
body
B)
cervix
C)
fundus
D)
infundibulum
103)
The outer serosal layer
of the uterus is the _____.
A)
perimetrium
B)
cervix
C)
endometrium
D)
myometrium
104)
The superior region of
the vagina is the _____.
A)
vaginal orifice
B)
cervix
C)
hymen
D)
vaginal rugae
105)
The inner lining of the
vagina is _____ epithelium.
A)
simple cuboidal
B)
simple columnar
C)
mucous
D)
stratified squamous
106)
Which of these includes
the other terms?
A)
labia
B)
clitoris
C)
vulva
D)
vestibular glands
107)
What structure
corresponds to the scrotum in the male?
A)
labia major
B)
labia minor
C)
pudendal cleft
D)
mons pubis
108)
The _____ is the space
between the labia minor.
A)
vulva
B)
vestibule
C)
vaginal orifice
D)
pudendal cleft
109)
Which of the following
are not parts of the clitoris?
A)
corpora cavernosa
B)
crura
C)
glans
D)
corpus spongiosum
110)
The female Bartholin
glands correspond to the male _____.
A)
prostate
B)
Cowper's
C)
seminal vesicle
D)
glans
111)
Which of the following
is a steroid?
A)
FSH
B)
LH
C)
estrogen
D)
GnRH
112)
Which hormone
stimulates the secondary female sex organs?
A)
FSH
B)
LH
C)
GnRH
D)
estrogen
113)
Which of these is not a
function of estrogen?
A)
decreases adipose
B)
breast development
C)
increased skin blood
vessels
D)
enlarges clitoris
114)
What area experiences
the greatest changes in a menstrual cycle?
A)
vagina
B)
perimetrium
C)
cervix
D)
endometrium
115)
Which of the following
is not a source of estrogen?
A)
adrenal gland
B)
ovary
C)
pituitary
D)
follicle
116)
Which factor causes the
act of ovulation?
A)
blood pressure
B)
LH levels
C)
FSH levels
D)
estrogen
117)
Where is the majority
of progesterone produced?
A)
Graafian follicle
B)
corpus luteum
C)
secondary follicle
D)
adrenal cortex
118)
Which hormone is
produced throughout a menstrual cycle?
A)
FSH
B)
estrogen
C)
LH
D)
progesterone
119)
Which factor will
inhibit the secretion of estrogens?
A)
FSH
B)
LH
C)
estrogens
D)
progesterone
120)
What factor will
inhibit LH secretion?
A)
FSH
B)
progesterone
C)
estrogen
D)
LH
121)
Which of the following
is the most accurate sequence of hormones?
A)
FSH, LH, estrogen,
progesterone
B)
LH, FSH, estrogen,
progesterone
C)
FSH, estrogen, LH,
progesterone
D)
FSH, estrogen,
progesterone, LH
122)
Which hormone thickens
the lining of the uterus?
A)
FSH
B)
estrogen
C)
LH
D)
progesterone
123)
Which hormone causes
the uterus to increase glycogen?
A)
progesterone
B)
FSH
C)
LH
D)
estrogen
124)
The shedding and
bleeding of the decidua during menses is directly caused by low
levels of _____.
A)
FSH
B)
LH
C)
sex steroids
D)
GnRH
125)
Which of the following
is not a result of menopause?
A)
loss of hormones
B)
reduction in breast mass
C)
increase in calcium
deposition
D)
psychological changes
126)
Specifically, where are sperm cells formed within the testes?
A)
within the tunica albuginea
B)
within the mediastinum testes
C)
within the seminiferous tubules
D)
in
association with interstitial cells
127)
During spermatogenesis, which stage is the first to be haploid in number
of chromosomes?
A)
spermatogonium
B)
primary spermatocyte
C)
secondary spermatocyte
D)
spermatid
128)
What portion of the sperm cell contains the twenty-three chromosomes?
A)
head
B)
acrosome
C)
midpiece
D)
tail
129)
Males have a number of internal accessory organs. Which one(s) is/are
responsible for secreting fluid containing fructose and prostaglandins?
A)
epididymis
B)
seminal vesicles
C)
vas
deferens
D)
prostate gland
130)
Which male accessory gland lies inferior to the urinary bladder and
surrounds the urethra like a donut?
A)
epididymis
B)
bulbourethral glands
C)
vas
deferens
D)
prostate gland
131)
A number of hormonal secretions begin or increase during puberty. Which
hormone appears to initiate the process of puberty?
A)
testosterone
B)
luteininzing hormone (LH or ICSH)
C)
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
D)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
132)
Within the female ovary, primordial follicles begin their development
________________.
A)
at
puberty
B)
around age 5
C)
at
birth
D)
during prenatal development
133
What is the purpose of polar bodies during oogenesis?
A)
Polar bodies serve both as a dumping ground for extra sets of
chromosomes and ensure that the ovum will have most of the
cytoplasm.
B)
They
rid the body of defective sets of chromosomes, leaving the
"good" set within the ovum.
C)
They
are merely the by-product of meiosis and serve no function.
D)
They
prevent the development of most sets of multiple births.
134)
During ovulation, a(n) _____________ is released from the ovary.
A)
ovum
B)
secondary oocyte
C)
primary oocyte
D)
oogonium
135)
Which layer of the uterus is shed once monthly during menstruation?
A)
the
myometrium
B)
the
perimetrium
C)
the
endometrium
D)
the
exometrium
136)
Ovulation appears to be triggered by a midcycle surge in ______________.
A)
estrogen
B)
progesterone
C)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
137)
Choosing from the following list, the most effective means of preventing
conception is _____________.
A)
coitus interruptus
B)
rhythm method
C)
condoms
D)
tubal ligation
138)
Which sexually transmitted disease is also associated with pelvic
inflammatory disease and sterility in females?
A)
genital herpes
B)
chlamydia infection
C)
genital warts
D)
syphilis
139)
What is the term for the primary human sex organs?
A)
gonads
B)
genitals
C)
ova
D)
gametes
140)
The _____ can be considered an extension of the abdominopeluic wall.
A)
seminal vesicle
B)
testes
C)
scrotum
D)
penis
141)
Which factor favors spermatozoa development?
A)
temperature of 37°C
B)
temperature of 34°C
C)
acidity
D)
estrogens
142)
Which cells are the earliest in the male sequence of sperm production?
A)
spermatozoa
B)
spermatocyte
C)
spermatid
D)
spermatogonia
143)
Which gland lies at the inferior base of the urinary bladder?
A)
seminal vesicle
B)
prostate
C)
Cowper's gland
D)
testis
144)
Which sperm structure contains enzymes that help penetrate ova?
A)
head
B)
tail
C)
acrosome
D)
middle piece
145)
What is the source of the male androgen testosterone?
A)
seminiferous tubule
B)
interstitial cells
C)
epididymis
D)
prostate
146)
Which structure is not found within the spermatic cord?
A)
urethra
B)
blood vessel
C)
nerve
D)
smooth muscle
147)
How many mature, functional follicles will a female produce in a
lifetime?
A)
about 1 million
B)
400
C)
4,000
D)
350,000
148)
Which structure is formed following ovulation?
A)
Graafian follicle
B)
secondary oocyte
C)
corpus luteum
D)
coronal radiata
149)
What is the source of female sex steroids?
A)
pituitary
B)
ovary
C)
uterus
D)
hypothalamus
150)
For most women who decide to breast feed, it will be easier to become
pregnant during the first month after delivery than it will be one year
later.
A)
True
B)
False
151)
Spermicidal foams and creams are an effective means of contraception.
A)
True
B)
False
152)
A vasectomy is the male equivalent of tubal ligation regarding efficacy
of contraception.
A)
True
B)
False
153)
Oral contraceptives usually contain doses of estrogen and progesterone
and act by inhibiting FSH and LH.
A)
True
B)
False
154)
Hysterectomy involves removal of the uterus and uterine tubes,
therapeutically.
A)
True
B)
False
155)
Hyperemesis gravidarum is excessive vomiting during pregnancy.
A)
True
B)
False
156)
An inguinal hernia occurs when the testes is pushed into the inguinal
canal and enters the pelvic cavity.
A)
True
B)
False
157)
Semen contains chemicals that cause female smooth muscle to contract.
A)
True
B)
False
158)
Testosterone injections are used to treat prostate cancer.
A)
True
B)
False
159)
Sperm cells die immediately when they are released from the body and are
placed in a petri plate.
A)
True
B)
False
160)
The dartos muscle assists sperm development by helping maintain a testes
temperature close to 98.6 F.
A)
True
B)
False
161)
The crura of the corpora cavernosa attach the penis to the bones of the
pubic arch.
A)
True
B)
False
162)
Emission is the release of semen from the body during the process of
orgasm.
A)
True
B)
False
163)
Testosterone increases the number of red blood cells.
A)
True
B)
False
164)
The ovarian medulla contains cells that will differentiate into the
oocytes.
A)
True
B)
False
165)
The outer layer of an ovary is similar to the tunica albuginea outer
testis layer.
A)
True
B)
False
166)
Females produce hundreds of oocytes each month in comparison to the
millions of sperm cells produced in the same age male.
A)
True
B)
False
167)
Ciliated epithelium and peristaltic waves help move the oocyte through
the Fallopian tubes.
A)
True
B)
False
168)
The vagina is anterior to the bladder and posterior to the rectum.
A)
True
B)
False
169)
All of the muscle associated with the vagina is involuntary and smooth.
A)
True
B)
False
170)
During orgasm, the muscle of the uterus and uterine tubes undergo
rhythmic contractions.
A)
True
B)
False
171)
Female athletes usually experience menstrual cycles with excessive loss
of blood.
A)
True
B)
False
172)
The first female menstrual cycle is called thelarche.
A)
True
B)
False
173)
The hormone inhibin acts to decrease the production of FSH.
A)
True
B)
False
174)
The cortical granules of the ovum membrane cause the increase in sperm
acrosomal activity and penetration.
A)
True
B)
False
175)
Cleavage is an early process of division that causes an increase in the
size of the embryo.
A)
True
B)
False
176)
Endometriosis is the increase in uterine tissue which causes excessive
bleeding and possible infertility.
A)
True
B)
False
177)
Estrogen stimulates fat deposition and duct development in the breasts.
A)
True
B)
False
178)
A mammogram can be used to screen for but not diagnose breast cancer.
A)
True
B)
False
179)
The testes in the male and ovaries in the female can both be found in
the pelvic cavity of an early fetus.
A)
True
B)
False
180)
Meiosis is defined as the process by which sperm cells give rise to four
daughter cells each.
A)
True
B)
False
181)
The epididymis is a coiled tubule in the testes that stores sperm cells.
A)
True
B)
False
182)
The vas deferens connects to the urethra at the base of the penis.
A)
True
B)
False
183)
The ovarian follicle cells will develop into the oocytes each month.
A)
True
B)
False
184)
In a pregnancy, the corpus luteum will last from 3 to 6 months.
