STUDY QUESTIONS
Integumentary System
Answers are provided below
each question
1) Keratinocytes are
the predominant cells in the:
a) epidermis
b) papillary region of the
dermis
c) reticular region of the
dermis
d) subcutaneous layer
e) All
of the above are correct
2) Nourishment to
cells in the epidermis is provided by:
a) blood vessels running through
the stratum basale
b) keratinocytes
c) blood
vessels in the dermal papillae
d) bacteria that live in
sebaceous glands
e) Both
A and C are correct
3) Absorption of
damaging light rays is the primary function of:
a) keratin
b) sebum
c) cerumen
d) melanin
e) Keratohyalin
4) The layer of the
skin from which new epidermal cells are derived is the
a) Stratum corneum
b) Stratum
basale
c) Stratum
lucidum
d) Dermis
e) Reticular layer
5)
The function of
keratin is to:
a) make bone hard
b) make skin tough and
waterproof
c) protect skin from ultraviolet
light
d) provided added pigment to the
skin of Asian races
e) provide
nourishment to the epidermal cells
6)
The reproducing
cells of the epidermis are found in the
a) Stratum basale
b) Stratum spinosum
c) Stratum
lucidum
d) Stratum corneum
e) All of these layers contains
reproducing cells
7) The stratum basale
contains:
a) stem cells of keratinocytes
b) many
blood vessels
c) eccrine sweat glands
d) hair follicles
e) Both
A and B are correct
8) Which of the
following is most superficial?
a) stratum basale
b) papillary region of the dermis
c) hypodermis
d) stratum granulosum
e) stratum corneum
9) The epidermis is
made up of:
a) dense irregular connective
tissue
b) stratified
squamous epithelium
c) areolar
connective tissue
d) smooth muscle
e) All
of the above are correct
10)
"Goosebumps" occur
due to:
a) over‑stimulation of secretion
from sudoriferous glands
b) over‑stimulation of secretion
from sebaceous glands
c) separation of the epidermis
from the dermis
d) vasodilation of blood vessels
in the skin
e) the action of arrector pili
muscles as they raise hairs to an upright position
11)
The outermost layer
of the epidermis is the:
a)
Stratum
lucidum
b)
Reticular layer
c)
Stratum corneum
d)
Superficial fascia
e)
stratum basale
12)
Sweat is produced
by:
a)
keratinocytes.
b)
melanocytes.
c)
ceruminous glands.
d)
sudoriferous glands.
e)
sebaceous glands.
13)
Which of the
following is present in thick skin but not in thin skin?
a)
stratum germinativum
b)
stratum lucidum
c)
stratum corneum
d)
stratum granulosum
e)
dermal papillae
14)
The function of
melanin is to
a)
make skin tough and waterproof
b)
Connect the epidermis to the
dermis
c)
Provide flexibility to skin
d)
Provide nutrients to dying
epidermal cells
e)
Protect skin from ultraviolet
light
15)
Hair and nails are
modifications of the
a)
Melanocytes
b)
Hypodermis
c)
Sudoriferous glands
d)
Epidermis
e)
Dermis
16)
The stratum corneum
is:
a)
the innermost layer of the
epidermis.
b)
highly vascular.
c)
made up of dead cells.
d)
seen only in the palms and
soles.
e)
the layer in which keratin
begins to form.
17)
Melanocytes
a)
are spidery-shaped cells in
contact with cells in the stratum basale
b)
Forms structures called
melanosomes
c)
Produces a substance
incorporated by other cells
d)
All answers are correct
18)
Which of the
following statements is TRUE regarding the epidermis?
a)
It is keratinized.
b)
Blood vessels travel from the
dermis to the outer layers through special channels.
c)
All of the cells in the
epidermis reproduce rapidly.
d)
It is made mostly of areolar
connective tissue.
e)
Both A and C are correct.
19)
The "ABCD" signs
are used to assess:
a)
the seriousness of decubitus
ulcers.
b)
whether sufficient oxygen is
being transported by blood.
c)
the percentage of surface area
lost to a burn.
d)
a person's total risk of
developing skin cancer.
e)
a skin lesion suspected of
being a malignant melanoma.
20)
The average length
of time for a cell to be produced by the stratum basale, rise to the surface,
become keratinized, and slough off is about how long?
a)
24minus48 hours
b)
two weeks
c)
one month
d)
one year
e)
Once cells are keratinized,
they never slough off.
21)
A skin condition in
which abnormal keratin is produced and keratinocytes are shed prematurely is:
a)
psoriasis.
b)
malignant melanoma.
c)
albinism.
d)
alopecia.
e)
impetigo.
22)
Corpuscles of touch
(Meissner's corpuscles) are located in the:
a)
stratum basale.
b)
stratum corneum.
c)
apocrine sweat glands.
d)
dermal papillae.
e)
hair follicles.
23)
Just beneath the
stratum basale of the epidermis is the:
a)
stratum corneum of the
epidermis.
b)
hypodermis.
c)
reticular layer of the dermis.
d)
papillary regions of the
dermis.
e)
skeletal muscle.
24)
Nutrients reach the
surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of:
a)
Absorbing material applied to
the surface layer of the skin
b)
Utilizing the products of
merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis
c)
The outer layer of the skin
does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living.
d)
Diffusing through the tissue
fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.
25)
The papillary
region of the dermis consists mostly of:
a)
areolar connective tissue.
b)
adipose tissue.
c)
smooth muscle.
d)
stratified squamous
epithelium.
e)
dense irregular connective
tissue.
26)
The reticular layer
of the dermis consists mostly of:
a)
areolar connective tissue.
b)
adipose tissue.
c)
smooth muscle.
d)
Stratified squamous
epithelium.
e)
dense irregular connective
tissue.
27)
Striae are:
a)
free nerve endings sensing
touch.
b)
the epidermal ridges that form
fingerprints.
c)
stretch marks resulting from
tears in the dermis.
d)
intermediate filaments
connecting desmosomes.
e)
areas of fat storage.
28)
Fat storage is an
important function of the:
a)
epidermis.
b)
papillary region of the
dermis.
c)
reticular region of the
dermis.
d)
subcutaneous layer.
e)
All of the above except the
epidermis.
29)
Tyrosinase is
required for the production of:
a)
keratin.
b)
melanin.
c)
cerumen.
d)
sebum.
e)
apocrine sweat.
30)
Synthesis of
vitamin D begins with the activation of a precursor molecule in the skin by:
a)
melanin.
b)
keratin.
c)
sebum.
d)
UV light.
e)
temperatures above 60degreeF
in the external environment.
31)
Enzymatic activity
within melanosomes is increased by:
a)
apoptosis of epidermal cells.
b)
environmental temperatures
above normal body temperature.
c)
increased activity of sweat
glands.
d)
tension on desmosomes.
e)
exposure to UV light.
32)
Albinism results
from:
a)
liver disease.
b)
low oxygen levels in the
blood.
c)
lack of the enzyme tyrosinase
d)
too little exposure to
sunlight.
e)
viral infection.
33)
The epidermis
consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the
health, well-being and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers
is responsible for cell division and replacement?
a)
Stratum corneum
b)
Stratum granulosum
c)
Stratum germinativum
d)
Stratum lucidum
34)
Which of the
following statements best describes what fingernails actually are?
a)
A modification of the
epidermis.
b)
Are identical to hair but
contain ten times as much keratin
c)
Are extensions of the carpal
bones
d)
Have nothing to do with skin.
35)
Cyanosis is
indicative of:
a)
lack of tyrosinase.
b)
liver disease.
c)
inflammation.
d)
insufficient oxygen in blood.
e)
patchy loss of melanocytes.
36)
The blood vessels
nourishing a hair follicle are located in the:
a)
arrector pili.
b)
cortex of the hair.
c)
cuticle of the hair.
d)
matrix cells.
e)
papilla of the hair.
37)
Production of new
hairs is the responsibility of the:
a)
arrector pili.
b)
cortex of the hair.
c)
cuticle of the hair.
d)
matrix cells.
e)
papilla of the hair.
38)
Sebaceous glands
usually secrete their products into the:
a)
blood.
b)
necks of hair follicles.
c)
peaks of epidermal ridges.
d)
melanosomes.
e)
external auditory canal.
39)
Fats, cholesterol,
and pheromones are important components of:
a)
keratin.
b)
melanin.
c)
sebum.
d)
eccrine sweat
e)
hair and nails.
40)
Which of the
following is NOT a function of the skin?
a)
Absorption
b)
Protection
c)
Sensation
d)
Maintains homeostasis
41) Place the following into the order they would be severed by a knife during surgery
1) Stratum lucidum
2) Stratum corneum
3) Stratus basale
4) Stratum granulosum
5) Dermis
a) 1,2,3,4,5.
b) 3,2,4,1,5.
c) 4,2,1,5,3.
d) 2,1,4,3,5.
e) 5,4,3,2,1.
42)
Vitamin D
production by the skin depends on
a)
Exposure to ultraviolet
radiation
b)
The presence of thyroid
hormones
c)
The presence of keratin
d)
A normal body temperature
e)
All answers are correct.
43)
ALL of the
following events occur during deep wound healing EXCEPT :
a)
vasodilation of blood vessels.
b)
suspension of the rules of
contact inhibition.
c)
formation of a blood clot.
d)
synthesis of scar tissue by
fibroblasts.
e)
increased permeability of
blood vessels.
44)
Which of the
following layers of epidermis is in a constant state of mitosis?
a)
Stratum basale
b)
Stratum spinosum
c)
Stratum lucidum
d)
stratum granulosum
e)
Both stratum basale and
stratum spinosum
45)
The process of
fibrosis results in:
a)
some form of skin cancer.
b)
scar formation.
c)
excessive production of skin
pigment.
d)
excessive production of hair
and nails.
e)
premature wrinkling of skin.
46)
Blisters form in
second‑degree burns because:
a)
the epidermis and dermis
separate, and tissue fluid accumulates between the layers.
b)
the dermal papillae
extend through the damaged epidermis, and are exposed to the external
environment.
c)
damaged nerve endings swell.
d)
accumulated tissue fluid is
necessary for scar formation.
e)
the cells of the stratum
basale are reproducing at such a rapid rate.
47)
The most common
forms of skin cancer are all caused, at least in part, by:
a)
chronic dryness of skin.
b)
over‑secretion by sudoriferous
glands.
c)
chronic exposure to sunlight.
d)
over‑production of keratin.
e)
chronically reduced blood flow
in the dermis.
48)
Sudoriferous glands
are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two
types:
a)
Eccrine and apocrine.
b)
Eccrine and sebaceous
c)
Apocrine and sebaceous
d)
Mammillary and ceruminous
e)
Holocrine and mammillary
49)
Differences in skin
color among human races is due primarily to the:
a)
total number of melanocytes.
b)
total number of keratinocytes.
c)
amount of melanin produced by
melanocytes.
d)
amount of keratin produced by
keratinocytes.
e)
amount of iron in hemoglobin
molecules.
50)
During deep wound
healing, mesenchyme cells that migrate to the site of injury during the
inflammatory phase will develop into:
a)
keratinocytes.
b)
melanocytes.
c)
fibroblasts.
d)
phagocytes.
e)
collagen fibers.
MATCHING:
For the next 5
questions, use the following answer choices.
Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A.
Vitamin D.
B. melanin
C. alopecia
D. Eccrine
sweat
E. Carotene
51) Helps regulate body temperature
52) UV light activates a precursor of this compound
53) Darkly staining granules of the stratum granulosum
54) A precursor to vitamin A.
55)
Common form of
baldness
MATCHING:
For the next 5
questions, use the following answer choices.
Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A. Melanin
B. Cerumen
C. Apocrine sweat
D. Keratin
E. Hemoglobin
56) Fibrous protein providing mechanical protection in the epidermis
57) Provides protection from UV light
58) Secreted during emotional stress and sexual excitement
59) Pigment responsible for pinkish red color of “white skin”
60)
Forms sticky
barrier in external auditory canal.
MATCHING:
For the next 5
questions, use the following answer choices.
Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A. Melanocytes
B. Langerhans cells
C. Ceruminous glands
D. Keratinocytes
E. Merkel cells
61) Produce a protein that provides protection from mechanical injury and bacterial invasion
62) Produce earwax
63) Produce a substance that helps protect the body from UV light
64) Function in sensation of touch
65)
Work with helper T
cells to provide immunity
MATCHING:
For the next 5questions, use the following answer choices.
Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
A. Sebaceous glands
B. Arector pili
C. Dermal papillae
D. Pacinian corpuscles
E. Sudoriferous glands
66) Provide increased surface area for nutrient, waste, and gas exchange
67) Produce a product that helps prevent excessive evaporation of water from the skin
68) Produce a product that helps regulate body temperature
69) Raises hair to vertical position
70)
Function in
sensations of pressure.
COMPLETION
71)
The red/brown/black
pigment in skin that absorbs UV light is _____.
72)
Individuals who do
not get enough exposure to sunlight or who do not consume enough fortified milk
may develop a deficiency of vitamin_____
73)
The pinkish red
color of the skin of white people is due to the pigment _____ in red blood
cells.
74)
The outermost layer
of a hair is called the _____.
75)
Contraction of
smooth muscle called _____ pulls a hair shaft perpendicular to the skin surface.
76)
The more common
type of sweat gland is the _____ gland.
77)
The single layer of
continually reproducing cells in the epidermis is called the _____.
78)
The most
superficial layer of cells in the epidermis is called the _____.
79)
The protein in the
outer layer of the epidermis that provides protection against mechanical injury
and bacterial invasion is _____.
80)
The main function
of eccrine gland sweat is to _____.
81)
The layer of the
epidermis seen in thick skin that is NOT seen in thin skin is the _____.
82)
The most common
skin cancers are the _____.
83)
The branch of
medicine that specializes in diagnosing and treating skin disorders is _____.
84)
A yellowed
appearance of skin and the whites of the eyes due to buildup of bilirubin
resulting from liver disease is called _____.
85)
Redness of the skin
due to increased blood flow is known as _____.
86)
The most common of
the cell types in the epidermis is the _____.
87)
Cells that arise
from the red bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis where they participate in
immune responses are the _____.
88)
Cells in the
epidermis that function in the sensation of touch are the _____.
89)
The stem cells of
the epidermis are located in the stratum _____.
90)
Keratohyalin is a
protein distinctive of the stratum _____.
91)
A lipid‑rich,
water‑repellent secretion is produced by structures known as _____ within the
keratinocytes of the stratum granulosum.
92)
The characteristic
of epidermal cells that causes them to stop migrating during wound healing once
they are touching other epidermal cells on all sides is called _____.
93)
The process of scar
tissue formation is called _____.
94)
When body
temperature begins to fall, to prevent further heat loss blood vessels in the
skin will _____.
95)
In the negative
feedback loop in which the integumentary system helps regulate body temperature,
the effectors are the _____ and the _____.
96)
List and briefly
discuss the functions of skin.
97)
Describe the
structural characteristics of the epidermis that relate to its protection
function.
98)
John has just been
brought into the emergency room following a fiery explosion at a chemical plant.
He is diagnosed with third degree burns over the anterior surfaces of his arms
and trunk. What specific structural damage has occurred to his skin? What risks
to John's life have resulted from this damage?
99)
Describe the
process of deep wound healing.
100) Compare and
contrast the locations and structure of thin and thick skin.
A. dermal papilla
B. arrector pili
C. sebaceous gland
D. hair follicle
E. eccrine gland
MATCHING: For the next 4
questions, use the following answer choices.
Answers can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
a. epidermis
b. dermis
c. hypodermis
d. a, b and c
e. a and b only
f. b and c only
a. Papillary dermis
b. Reticular dermis
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b